Principales factores biopsíquicos relacionados con la rehabilitación protésica dental en ancianos institucionalizados / Main biopsychic factors related to the dental prosthetics rehabilitation in institutionalized elderly

Introducción: El envejecimiento constituye la transformación demográfica más importante del mundo actual. La mayor proporción de personas de edad avanzada en la comunidad supone un reto de extraordinaria trascendencia en cuanto a la satisfacción de sus demandas sociales, sanitarias, económicas y culturales. Objetivo: Determinar los factores biopsíquicos relacionados con la rehabilitación protésica dental en ancianos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 60 ancianos pertenecientes a la Casa de Abuelos "Corazones contentos" del reparto Sueño -categorizados en adaptados y resistentes según factores psicológicos-, quienes acudieron al Departamento de Prótesis de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde marzo del 2018 hasta enero de 2020. Resultados: En la serie primaron los pacientes de 80 y más años de edad y del sexo femenino. Como característica biológica relevante figuró el desdentamiento total y como enfermedad crónica no trasmisible fue más frecuente la diabetes mellitus. De igual modo, el mayor número de ancianos correspondió a la categoría psicológica de resistente. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los ancianos se caracterizaron por un perfil psicológico resistente, determinado por un estilo de afrontamiento pasivo, expresión emocional negativa e inexistencia de autonomía, lo que condicionaba una actitud dañina hacia su salud bucal.

Introduction: Aging constitutes the most important demographic transformation nowadays. The higher proportion of elderly in the community supposes a challenge of extraordinary transcendence as for the satisfaction of their social, sanitary, economic and cultural demands. Objective: To determine the biopsychic factors related to the dental prosthetics rehabilitation in elderly. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 60 elderly was carried out in "Corazones contentos" Home for the elderly at Sueño neighborhood -categorized in adapted and resistant according to psychological factors- who went to the Prosthesis Department of Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from March, 2018 to January, 2020. Results: In the series there was prevalence of 80 years and over patients from the female sex. As outstanding biological characteristic there is the total dental loss and as chronic non transmissible disease the diabetes mellitus was more frequent. In a same way, the higher number of elderly corresponded to the psychological category of resistant. Conclusions: Most of the elderly are characterized by a resistant psychological profile, determined by a style of passive confrontation, negative emotional expression and lack of autonomy, what conditioned a harmful attitude toward their oral health.

Morbilidad en ancianos con pérdida dentaria / Morbidity in elderly with dental loss

Introducción: La pérdida dentaria tiene consecuencias en la apariencia y en la función fisiológica general del adulto mayor, lo cual constituye un problema aún no resuelto en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Objetivo: Describir la morbilidad en adultos mayores con pérdida de dientes permanentes. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y de corte transversal en la Clínica Simón Bolívar del municipio de Diego Ibarra, perteneciente al estado venezolano de Carabobo, desde enero hasta junio del 2016. El universo estuvo constituido por 100 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, ambos sexos y desdentados parciales o totales. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, higiene bucal, número de dientes permanentes perdidos, así como el tipo de aparatología protésica requerida. Se emplearon las frecuencias relativa y absoluta como medidas de resumen. Resultados: Se encontró que 73,0 % de los ancianos perdieron sus dientes por caries dental, siendo las féminas y el grupo de 60-64 años de edad el más afectado. Asimismo, predominaron la higiene bucal deficiente y la necesidad de prótesis parcial. Conclusiones: Existió una elevada morbilidad en los adultos mayores con pérdida dentaria, lo cual afectó su funcionalidad, estética y autoestima, que de no ser corregida pudiera provocar consecuencias importantes en la cavidad bucal y en el resto del cuerpo, sin olvidar la prevención o detección precoz de cualquier otra enfermedad bucal que la genere.

Introduction: Dental loss has consequences in the elderly general physiologic function and appearance, that constitutes an unsolved problem in the Bolivian Republic of Venezuela. Objective: To describe the morbidity in elderly with loss of permanent teeth. Method: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in Simón Bolívar Clinic from Diego Ibarra municipality, belonging to Carabobo in Venezuela, from January to June, 2016. The universe was constituted by 100 elderly of 60 years and more from both sexes and partially or totally toothless. The analyzed variables were age, sex, oral hygiene, number of lost permanent teeth, as well as the type of prosthesis required. The relative and absolute frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: It was found that 73.0 % of the elderly lost their teeth due to dental decay, being women and the 60-64 age group the most affected one. Also, the poor oral hygiene and the necessity of partial prosthesis prevailed. Conclusions: A high morbidity existed in elderly with dental loss, which affected their functionality, aesthetics and self-esteem that could cause important consequences in the oral cavity and in the rest of the body if it is not corrected, without forgetting the prevention or early detection of any other oral disease that generates it.

Impacto de los determinantes sociales en la pérdida dentaria: revisión bibliográfica / Impact of social determinants on tooth loss: bibliographic review

En Chile, la caries dental se encuentra dentro de las enfermedades crónicas bucales más prevalentes junto a las enfermedades gingivales, periodontales y a las anomalías dentomaxilares. Las enfermedades crónicas representan el grueso de la carga de salud en Chile, las que se asocian con hábitos que suelen adquirirse tempranamente en la infancia o en la adolescencia y que además se encuentran asociados a una compleja y múltiple red de determinantes. Los determinantes sociales de la salud se definen como las condiciones sociales en las que las personas viven y trabajan, e influyen positiva o negativamente en la salud. Los determinantes sociales intervienen marcadamente en la salud bucal, las personas de menos recursos y menor nivel educacional presentan más patologías y menor acceso a tratamientos. La evidencia empírica entrega información útil para considerar que los Determinantes Sociales de Salud presentan una gran influencia sobre la salud de los individuos, sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones que relacionen directamente la pérdida de piezas dentarias con estos determinantes. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la asociación entre la pérdida dentaria y los determinantes sociales de la salud.

In Chile, dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases along with gingival, periodontal diseases and dentomaxillary anomalies. Chronic diseases represent the bulk of Chile's health burden. These diseases are associated with habits that are usually acquired early in childhood or adolescence and that are also associated with a complex and multiple network of determinants. The social determinants of health are defined as the social conditions in which people live and they work, and they influence positively or negatively on health. Social determinants intervene markedly in oral health, where people with fewer resources and lower educational level have more pathologies and less access to treatments. The empirical evidence analyzed provides useful information to consider that the Social Determinants of Health have a great influence on the health of the individuals, however, there are few investigations that directly relate the loss of dental pieces with these determinants. The objective of this article is to review the association between tooth loss and the social determinants of health.

Perdas dentais no atendimento de clínicas de atenção básica / Dental losses in primary care clinics practice

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência das perdas dentais e sua relação com fatores socioeconômicos em pacientes das Clínicas de Atenção Básica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco (FOP). METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, tendo como instrumento de pesquisa um formulário composto de identificação, aspectos socioeconômicos e um exame clínico constando dentes ausentes e etiologia precedente. A amostra foi de 169 usuários, com idades entre 18 e 68 anos. Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados por meio das técnicas de estatística inferencial. RESULTADOS: Foi demonstrado que 76,3% dos pacientes tiveram alguma perda dental. Os dentes mais acometidos foram os molares inferiores e os molares superiores com correspondeu aos de 1,58 e 1,09, respectivamente, e a menor média foi dos dentes anteriores inferiores. O percentual de pacientes sem perda foi maior entre aqueles que não tinham filhos (82,5%) e nula entre os que tinham quatro ou mais filhos. A cárie foi a etiologia mais frequente, com 62,1%. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da perda dental foi alta, e a etiologia mais frequente foi a cárie dentária. O grupo de dentes mais acometido pela perda dental foi dos molares inferiores, e evidenciou-se associação estatisticamente significante da perda dental com a faixa etária e número de filhos... (AU)

OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of tooth loss, tooth extraction, and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in patients seen in primary care clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco (FOP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study that used as a research instrument consisting of a form identification, socioeconomic factors, and a clinical, consisting lost teeth and cause of loss was conducted. The sample of 169 users, aged 18 and 68 years, of both sexes. The survey data were imported into SPSS version 5.0 and analyzed using the techniques of inferential statistics. RESULTS: It was shown that 76.3% of the patients studied had some tooth loss. The teeth most affected were lower molars and upper molars with a mean of 1.58 and 1.09, respectively, and the lowest average was lower anterior teeth (0.17). The percentage of patients without loss was highest among patients who had no children (82.5%) and was zero among those who had four or more children. Caries was the most frequent cause, with 62.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tooth loss was high and the most frequent cause was dental caries. The group most affected by the loss teeth was molars group and showed a statistically significant association of tooth loss with socioeconomic and demographic indicators: age and number of children... (AU)

Costo de la atención odontológica por caries dental en estudiantes preuniversitarios mexicanos / Estimated costs of dental care due to dental decay in Mexican high school students

Objetivo: estimar el costo de la atención dado por la prevalencia de caries dental en estudiantes preuniversitarios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Método: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en una población de 78.870 estudiantes preuniversitarios (efectuado entre 2003 y 2005). La necesidad de tratamiento por caries se determinó por medio del índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados (CPOD), como es indicado en el Examen Médico Automatizado (EMA). La estimación del costo de atención se obtuvo a partir de la sumatoria de los costos directos (material dental) e indirectos (barreras de protección) por diente y por tratamiento, de acuerdo con los precios establecidos para la atención de pacientes en la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM. Resultados: el 47,3% de los estudiantes presentó caries dental; el 31,9%, pérdida dental, y el 59,1%, obturaciones dentales. El gasto mínimo de atención para el número de dientes cariados (105.029) fue de $27.832.685 (pesos mexicanos); no obstante, para el número de dientes perdidos (101.802) el costo total estimado fue de $77.878.530. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el número de dientes con experiencia de caries y el sexo. Conclusiones: los altos costos estimados para la atención del grupo poblacional estudiado en materia de salud dental hacen pensar en la necesidad de establecer programas y metas específicas en los niveles educativos secundario, medio superior y superior, que promuevan favorablemente el autocuidado.

Objective: Estimate the cost of dental care generated by the dental decay prevalence in high school students at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population of 78,870 high schoolers (conducted between the years 2003 and 2005). The need for dental caries treatment was determined by the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) as it is indicated at the Automated Medical Exam (EMA, acronym in Spanish). The estimation of dental care cost included a combination of direct (dental materials) and indirect costs (protection barriers) per tooth and treatment needed, using the price list for patients attending the dental service at the dental school of UNAM as a reference. Results: 47.3% of the students presented dental cavities, 31.9% lost teeth, and 59.1% had fillings. Minimum dental care expense estimated for decayed teeth (105,029) was $27,832,685 and $77,878,530 (Mexican pesos) for lost teeth (101,802). Statisticallysignificant differences were found when comparing dental caries prevalence and gender. Conclusions: The high dental care costs estimated for the population of high school students studied makes relevant the need for the development of programs and goals at the secondary and tertiary education levels. They should emphasize self-care.

Impacto do número de dentes presentes no desempenho de atividades diárias: estudo piloto / Impact of the existing tooth number on daily performance: pilot study

Com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação entre os aspectos relacionados ao número de dentes presentes na cavidade bucal e o impacto no desempenho diário,foi realizado um estudo piloto com 75 pacientes que foram divididos em três grupos:arco curto,arco completo e desdentado. Para avaliar o impacto, foi utilizado o IODD (índice dos impactos odontológicos no desempenho diário). Os resultados evidenciaram que 16 por cento dos pesquisados tiveram pelo menos uma atividade diária afetada. Embora não tenha sido registrada diferença significante entre os grupos em relação a cada uma das atividades, destaca-se que o percentual dos que tiveram a atividade mais afetada foi menos elevado no grupo de arco completo, para as atividades mastigar,falar/pronunciar palavras claramente e sorrir; e o menor percentual de atividades afetadas ocorreu no grupo desdentado, para as atividades limpar a boca/escovar os dentes e dormir. Em relação à média do IODD, esta foi menor no grupo com arco completo e foi similar entre os outros dois grupos. As médias das variáveis frequência e severidade dos impactos foram menos elevadas no grupo arco completo e tiveram valores aproximados nos outros dois grupos. Com base nos resultados, pôde-se concluir que não foram registradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação a cada uma das atividades diárias afetadas.

To establish the relation between the aspects associated to the number of the teeth and the impact on daily performance it was realized a pilot study with 75 voluntary patients that had been divided in three groups: short arch, complete and toothless. To evaluate the impact the IODD was used (Index of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance). The results had evidenced that 16 percent of the participants had at least one daily activity affected. Although it have not been registered significant difference between the groups in relation to each one of the activities, the percentage that the complete arch group was less affected with the activity: to chew, to speak/to pronounce words and to smile clearly, on the other hand the activities that had less affected the toothless group were: to clean the mouth/teeth and to sleep. In relation to the mean of the IODD, that was lower in the group with complete arc and it was similar between the others two groups. The means of the variables: frequency and severity of the impacts were less in the group with the complete arch and had values approached in the others two groups. Based on the results, could be concluded that no significant differences were registered between the groups in relation to each one of the affected daily activities.